Battery Management System (BMS) For Lithium Battery Pack

It is well known that BMS(battery management system) is essential in lithium-ion battery systems.It manages real-time control of each battery, communicates with external devices, manages SOC calculations, measures temperature and voltage, and so on.The selection of BMS determines the quality and life of the final battery pack.A battery management system (BMS) usually includes:

Main protection circuit

• Key features of BMS
• Prevent over current, over/under voltage, over/under temperature and other unsafe conditions
• By analog monitoring IC execution, the IC can monitor the temperature, current and voltage levels of the cell/cell stack

Battery balance

• Battery imbalance can shorten battery life
• The current absorption is not uniform, the heat load is not uniform and the battery is not well matched
• The battery balance circuit tries to balance the battery charge to keep all the batteries in series at the same level

Secondary protection circuit

• Redundancy protection mainly prevents overvoltage and can increase overcurrent and overtemperature protection
• Usually through a chemical fuse;It will permanently shut down the battery pack

Measurement of fuel

• Digital monitoring integrated circuit can feedback the battery capacity
• Three commonly techniques used for determining residual capacity battery include:
•    1.Voltage induction – Most primitive
•    2.Column counting – Measures the capacity used and subtracts from the total capacity known
•    3.Impedance tracking – The ability to calculate impedance based on the battery

BMS can protect a battery packs or host device from various events, depending on what hardware is selected or required for a particular application.For example, it can protect against undesirable current (A), voltage (V), and temperature (C) events.The BMS tracks any abnormalities in the battery, such as what protection has been activated and how much power/capacity is left when the battery is charged and discharged.They can also help achieve cell balance and other cell maintenance and optimization functions.

It should be noted that when a BMS sends a request, it needs to allow sufficient response time for subsequent processing intelligence.More importantly, the CURRENT overcurrent protection strategy for the BMS must be coordinated with the vehicle controller and the load intelligent controller.Discordant strategies produce the unpleasant phenomenon in which strategies work well but often fail.

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