The Right Way To Charge Lithium-Lion Batteries

If you have lithium-ion batteries,may be you know they provide more cycles and they offer an excellent level of performance. To gain the best use of them, they must be charged correctly.Proper charging of lithium-ion batteries enables the best performance and longest operational life to be obtained. So lithium-ion batteries charging are normally undertaken by four stages: trickle charge (low-voltage precharge), constant current charge, constant voltage charge, and charge termination.

Trickle charging of lithium-ion battery

Normally when the lithium-ion battery voltage is lower than about 3V, we will use trickle charging. So trickle charge is used to precharge the fully discharged lithium-ion battery. The current of trickle charging is one tenth of the constant current charging current, which is 0.1c

Constant current charging of lithium-ion battery

When the lithium-ion battery voltage rises higher than the trickle charge threshold, the constant current charging will increasing. The constant current charging is between 0.2C and 1.0C. On this condition,the voltage lithium-ion battery increases gradually. Generally, the voltage set for a single lithium-ion battery is 3.0-4.2V.

charging

Constant voltage charging

The constant voltage charging starts when the battery voltage rises to 4.2V. During this time, the constant current charging ends.According to the saturation of lithium ion battery, the charging current decreases gradually as the charging process continues.When the current drops to 0.01c, the current charging is considered to be ended.(The nominal capacity of the battery to the current is expressed by C, for example, the battery capacity is 100mAh, and the charging current of 100mA is 1C.)

Charge termination

There are two typical methods of charge termination: using the minimum charge current termination or using a timer (or mixed with both methods).The minimum current method is used to monitor the charging current at constant voltage charging stage.When the charging current decreases to 0.02C ~ 0.07C,it will terminate. At the beginning of the constant voltage charging stage, the second method starts timing and terminates after two hours of continuous charging.

All of these charging methods take 2.5 to 3 hours to fully discharge. And more safety measures have been used in advanced chargers. For example, if the temperature of the lithium-ion battery approaches the specified window (typically 0 ° C to 45 ° C), the charging will be suspended.After the charging ends, if the charger detected the voltage is to be lower than 3.89V, the battery will be charged.
The residual capacity of the battery can be roughly estimated by measuring the voltage, as shown in the figure below:48v 50ah

4.20V—-100%

3.95V—-75%

3.85V—-50%

3.73V—-25%

3.50V—-5%

2.75V—-0%

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